Novel & Paradigm Perspectives of the James Webb Telescope & the Lagrangian Points
Novel & Paradigm Perspectives of the James Webb Telescope & the Lagrangian Points
Dr. KRS Murthy
Meta Introduction and the Context
The Lagrangian model of the space resulting based on the three body perspectives of motion, where the mutual gravitational interactions of spatially located with respect to each other, and the resulting unique points, and areas in space relative to the three bodies and the mutually interacting phenomenon in the gravitationally influenced three-dimensional space. Not just one, but multiple Lagrangian points called L1, L2 etc. have unique properties different from each other.
NASA has launched the James Webb Telescope on December 25, 2021 to utilize the unique property of space resulting in the Lagrangian interactions between the Sun, Earth, and the Moon.. By this special NASA project, it has embarked on the ability to observe, record and transmit to earth images and data much deeper and farther into space compared to the legendary Hubble Space Telescope, which has already provided the scientists images and data of deep space celestial bodies and a map of the deep space.
The legacy perspectives and the basis of understanding of the three body problem is myopic as the Lagrangian model considers, calculates, and arrives at the L1, L2 etc. points and unique areas in the space between and influenced by only three bodies in space namely the Sun, Earth and the Moon.
Summary of my Fundamental & Axiomatic Contributions
In reality, there are other planets in our solar systems with prominent gravity to include the Jupitor, Saturn, and even Venus, that influence the space in between not limited to the three body influenced Lagrangian points and niche areas.
The phenomenon of gravity has actually multi-dimensional effects in space and also time, which are also mutually interacting between the n number bodies in space-time super dimensions. Even though we understand the gravity effects of the larger body like our sun on its planets, based on the distance of the planets from the sun, the planets also influence the sun based on the mass of the planet, however small the planets may be with respect to the sun, which effects are based on the distances and the mass of the planets. This effect creates a wobble on the sun. All planets also wobble while orbiting the sun, The wobbles of the different planets combined influences the Lagrangian points or areas. Once we realize that there are numerous first, second and tertiary order Lagrangian points, areas, and wobbling lagrangian areas.
If any large asteroids, comets and other celestial planetary bodies from our solar system, and extra planetary space in the oort cloud and cooper belt enter the planetary space on their intended destination towards the sun, some times are pulled by the most massive planet Jupitor or the second most massive planet Saturn, influencing the Lagrangian points, areas and wobbling Langragian areas.
For the generality purposes, the Lagrangian interaction and the resulting Lagrangian points, areas, and wobbles would exist in all parts of the outer space, not only in the planetary space of the different stars in our galaxy, also other non-stellar bodies of our galaxy, also in other galactic spaces in our galaxy cluster, and other galaxies in other galaxy clusters, and also between mutually gravitationally influencing black holes, and also in the space around the neutron stars, white dwarfs, red giants and other super massive bodies and their gravitationally influenced Lagrangian areas which should be perceived, understood and cosmologically calculated.
In the outer galactic and intergalactic space the Lagrangian areas or volumes would actually be moving in space, as all spatially bodies of the whole cosmos are moving in time, none stationary not only due to the gravitational interactions, and also as the whole universe in expanding, and moving away from each other, the Lagrangian points are points only at a given time, but really areas and volumes behaving as if they are both gravitationally influenced, and influencing all bodies of the overall universal space.
Gravity Wells, Gravity Valley, & Super Dimensional Gravity Influences
Applicable to Perspectives of the Lagrangian Concepts
I have previously authored on my innovative axiomatic perspectives and concepts on gravity wells, gravity valleys, gravity well mergers, gravity well acquisition or absorptions, super dimensional behaviors of the gravity wells, gravity valleys in the ever expanding universe. I have also named, with detailed explanations, the once and only once big bang epic event as one of a supremely, and universally massive gravity well, with NO bottom, that instantly becomes and forever a gravity valley, that becomes a superdimensional gravity valley. Just at the exact instant of the big bang, the universe “beyond the Planck Time and Space Limits” could be described as a bottomless gravity well.
Gravity Well Concept and Properties
I will briefly introduce below my concepts and interpretations of gravity well, gravity valley, mergers & acquisitions of gravity wells & gravity valleys. Any object with mass, small or large, creates gravitational influences. The gravity effect is by the creation of a gravity well, whereas, the depth and all dimensions of the well is determined by its mass. Larger mass has a deeper gravity well, whereas a smaller mass would have a relatively shallow well, and proportionate small dimensions. Each mass exhibits a well property of gravity to include the depth and shape of the well, which determines the area of its influence. If another object comes within the area of influence of a given mass, the result is the merging of the wells, of course, during the course of a time, determined by the relative shapes of the two wells. If a gravity well is spinning, as it would be perceived as the object itself spinning on its own axis, it would influence another mass with its well to go around the larger mass with a deeper well; in other words the smaller mass with a relatively shallower gravity well would orbit around the larger mass which has a deeper gravity well and the gravity well also spinning.
Gravity Valley Concept and Properties
If a mass with its gravity well is moving in any direction, it results in a gravity valley, and a gravity valley trace is created. A larger mass with a deeper gravity well, while moving in any direction, would create a deeper gravity valley compared to a shallow gravity well creating a shallow gravity valley.
A larger mass with a deeper gravity well and a deeper gravity valley would drag with it along the path and direction the smaller mass with shallow gravity valley and shallow gravity valley. An even larger mass with a larger gravity well and moving creating a larger gravity valley would drag all objects with smaller mass, smaller gravity well, and shallower gravity valleys.
Gravity Wells & Gravity Valleys in our Solar System and Galactic Levels
Let us consider our sun, which is the heaviest with relative gravity well and the gravity valley is going around the center of our Milkyway galaxy and creating a solar scale gravity valley, while dragging all the solar planets and their moons, each subtending their own gravity wells, on a gravity valley track of their own.
Extending this thought process, our Milkyway galaxy is in turn dragged along with other galaxies by the center of the galaxy cluster which is running away with its family of galaxies, the stars of each of the galaxies, their respective planets and moons. All this activity is due to the ever expanding universe.
This is true for even the fundamental particles of nature, examples include the electrons, protons, and neutrons. For charged particles like electrons and protons, the electrical charge value is a measure of the gravity well dimensions, even though extremely small, which is in addition to the mass of these particles.As the mass of the proton is 1836 times that of the electron, the smaller electron with practically negligent mass compared to the proton exerts and exhibits a deeper gravity well, thus the gravity well of the smaller object merges with the particle with the gravity well of the greater mass. The result is a multilevel system of tributaries of gravity valleys.
The tree of multilevel systems of tributaries of gravity valleys was created over the universal scale of time, starting from the big bang, through a very complex and of universal dimensions.
Gravity Wells and Gravity Valleys at Blackhole and Universal Scale
Of importance for us to consider are the blackholes which are bottomless gravity wells, also creating their own supermassive gravity valleys feeding feverishly of everything in its gravity well influences According to scientific predictions, including Late Stephen Hawking, the blackholes finally radiate all mass converted to energy radiation termed as “Hawking Radiation”, thus making the blackholes a universal scale “mass to energy converter”. Mass that is gobbled by the blackholes is converted to radiation. In that phase and act, the blackholes act as geysers that spit out energy radiation. Ultimately, would there be any matter left or mass left? Would everything in the universe be only energy radiation, that travel at Einstein's speed limit for light and the universe governed by another great scientist Max Planck and the universe left with “all laws of physics evaporated”, and left with the Planck’s Space Dimension Limit and Time Dimension limit that is predicted by Einstein’s speed limit that of light?
Lagrangian Spaces are NOT Forever
They are born, they change, they are susceptable to external gravitational influences, they could move or roam around, and have specific time and conditions of birth, stable positions for a duration, and would finally dissappear.
The Langranguian spaces form by three or more gravitational bodies locked in certain mutual gravitional influences. for a duration with definite start, duration of the interlocked gravitational influences of the three or more gravitational bodies. However, the three or more gravitational bodies, mutually gravitationally influencing, and giving birth to one or more Lagrangian spaces, also are influenced by more powerfull one or more gravitational bodies, that would drag one or more of the gravitational bodies locked into mutual gravitational influences away from their positions and locii, thus resulting in the Lagrangian spaces dissappear or move them or drag them away.
Millions to billions of Lagranjian Spaces in the Universe
With the trillions of galaxies and galaxy clusters, billions of blackholes, millions to billions of deaths of stars in the creation of red giants, white dwarfs, supernovae events, and also stellar formations in the magellonic clouds in the universe, super massive influences of the dark matter, plus the very expansion and acceleration of the expansion of the universe, numerous Lagrangian spaces are created through out the universe, dragged around or finally annihilated. These billions of Lagrangian spaces in effect behave as objects and influence the neighboring gravitational objects, and may even mutually influence each other in some special circumstances.
The Lagrangian Spaces are Nodal Points and Spaces
The Langrangian points and spaces are actually nodal points and spaces. In Indian or Vedic Astrolonomy and Astrology, raahu and kEtu are nodal ponits considered to be weilding influences on the humans, similar to the different planets and also the sun of our solar system. The different planets and the two nodal points, and mainly the sun and the moon which is closest to the earth the vedic astronomy and astrology list NINE gravitational bodies including: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupitor, Venus and Saturn, PLUS the two nodal points "raahu and kEtu". The raahu and kEtu are NOT objects but nodal points. The nine are called "grahas", meaning that which influences.
END of Dr. KRS Murthy’s Contributions
Background Educational Contents and References for Readers & Reviewers
I have provided the appended contents and references for the readers and reviewers, only extracted from educational contents and other geral articles, so that readers may choose to read and understand the background of the Lagrangian and other subjects in mechanics, other helpful reading material. I have not created the following material, except the preceding original contributions.
On Dec. 25, NASA is set to launch the James Webb Space Telescope, which will give scientists new insight into the origins of the universe. Rongmon Bordoloi, an observational astrophysicist and assistant professor at NC State who will be involved in a post-launch research program, discusses the telescope and how it will impact his work.
Q: How does the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) differ from its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)?
A: The JWST is really the long-awaited scientific successor to the HST, which has revolutionized our understanding of the universe. The HST is really optimized to “see” in the ultraviolet and optical wavelengths with some sensitivity in the near infrared wavelength, whereas the JWST is an infrared telescope, optimized to be extremely sensitive to infrared light. Second, the JWST is much larger than the HST. The primary mirror of the HST has a diameter of 2.4 meters. The primary mirror of the JWST is 6.5 meters across. Third, the HST is in space, but very close to us. It orbits the earth in a low earth orbit at an altitude of around 340 miles and one can only observe with the HST when it is in the shadow of the earth facing away from the sun.
The JWST will be placed in a location called the second Lagrange point (L2), approximately 1.5 million miles away from earth. Lagrangian points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of two bodies (earth and the sun here) balance each other out. Hence the JWST telescope can just “hover” in this location while orbiting the sun. As it is always facing away from the sun, the JWST can keep observing continuously. These are only some of the differences between the HST and the JWST.
Oh, and did I mention that the JWST primary mirror is coated in gold? This choice is made to optimize the sensitivity of the telescope to infrared light.
Engineers and technicians fold and pack the JWST’s sunshield. Credit: NASA
Q: What questions are you hoping that the JWST’s discoveries will answer?
A: Great leaps in astrophysical research are driven by the introduction of new technologies and telescopes. This has been true since Galileo first used a telescope to look at the heavens. It happened with the advent of modern large telescopes, the HST, and we expect that JWST will also revolutionize and open a brand new discovery space in astrophysics.
Two reasons why we are upbeat about it are the following:
The JWST has a much larger mirror than the HST. In fact it is the largest-diameter telescope in space. Telescopes are like light buckets; the larger the mirror, the more photons we can collect. As a result, the JWST will be far more sensitive to faraway, fainter galaxies and stars than the HST will ever be.
Light coming from the first galaxies and stars formed a few hundred million years after the Big Bang is very faint. Furthermore, the universe has been expanding since the Big Bang took place 13.8 billion years ago, which means that all the galaxies are moving away from each other. The farther away one object is, the faster it is moving away from us. As light travels with finite speed, this expansion of the universe stretches the wavelength of the light as it reaches Earth, making it redder. Hence the (UV and optical) light from the first galaxies and stars that formed a few hundred million years after the Big Bang will appear in infrared wavelength to us today. As the JWST is an infrared telescope, it is well poised to observe them.
Because of this we will be able to ask some very fundamental questions such as:
What did the early universe look like? When did the first stars and galaxies form? How did the first galaxies evolve over time to form the Milky Way like galaxies today? How do stars form and die, and do their deaths impact the surrounding medium? Where do planetary systems form and evolve?
Q: How have technologies developed for the new telescope also led to advances in areas outside astrophysics?
As the JWST is a completely new kind of telescope, several key pieces of technology were invented to make it work — from the sun shields needed to protect the telescope from the sun’s glare to the micro shutter arrays used in detectors.
NASA has a fact sheet about the new technologies that emerged from the development of the JWST, including four patents that were issued.
One significant piece of new technology described in the fact sheet is the Scanning Shack-Hartmann Sensor, a wavefront measurement device that has “enabled eye doctors to get much more detailed information about the shape of your eye in seconds rather than hours.”
Engineers and technicians prepare the JWST to depart Northrop Grumman. Credit: NASA
Q: Can you tell us about the post-launch program you will be involved with?
A: I am a leading member of a large JWST Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) program — which consists of 114 hours of observing time — that will study how the early galaxies formed 13 billion years ago and how they acquired their mass. We will be conducting deep observations of early galaxies to understand how they evolved and formed stars to become a large galaxy like the Milky Way, which can harbor a solar system and life itself.
One of the amazing discoveries that the HST made was the realization that most of the baryons in galaxies like our Milky Way are actually not in the stars that we see around us, but rather in a diffuse gaseous halo around galaxies called the circumgalactic medium. These gaseous halos are reservoirs from where gas can accrete onto a galaxy and provide the fuel needed to form the next generation of stars.
Our JWST program will create the first census of diffuse baryons in the circumgalactic medium of the first galaxies 13 billion years ago. This is really the fuel these galaxies will have to form the future stars and grow their mass. By understanding how this process works, we will constrain the fundamental theories of galaxy evolution.
This is an international collaboration led by NC State, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ETH Zurich in Switzerland and Nagoya University in Japan. I became involved in the program as a Hubble Fellow at MIT a few years ago. Over the last four to five years, we have been diligently preparing for the JWST and performing preparatory work for this program by performing all other ground based and HST observations.
Our team will be some of the first people in the world to utilize this amazing new telescope and look at some of its first observations.
Q: How will the JWST impact your work?
A: The JWST will fundamentally change the way I do my work. Over the next year, more and more of my research program will shift toward our large JWST program to study the evolution of early galaxies. We will have the first glimpse of the JWST’s key science question, “How did the first galaxies evolve over time to form the Milky Way like galaxies today?”
We expect to have a much better understanding and appreciation of how the structures, stars and galaxies in the early universe formed thanks to the JWST. And I am very excited about all the unknown things we will learn about the universe as we point a new telescope towards the heavens. Just as Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter with a telescope without expecting to find them, we don’t really know what new discoveries we might find as we stare deeper into the universe. This will be a very exciting time for all astronomers across the world.
L2' Will be the James Webb Space Telescope's Home in Space
06.23.10
The five Lagrangian points for the Sun-Earth system are shown in the diagram below. An object placed at any one of these 5 points will stay in place relative to the other two. Credit: NASA
Newtonian and Lagrangian
Often the most common approach to describing motion and dynamics is through Newton’s laws, however, there is a much more fundamental approach called Lagrangian mechanics. But what is Lagrangian mechanics, exactly?
Background About Lagrangian
Lagrangian mechanics defines a mechanical system to be a pair (,) of a configuration space and a smooth function = (,,) called Lagrangian. By convention, L = T − V , {\displaystyle L=T-V,} where T {\displaystyle T} and V {\displaystyle V} are the kinetic and potential energy of the system, respectively.
Introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788 from his work Mécanique analytique, Lagrangian mechanics is a formulation of classical mechanics and is founded on the stationary action principle.
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